Radial Head Fracture

What is a Radial Head Fracture?

A radial head fracture is a break in the radial head, the top portion of the radius bone, which forms part of the elbow joint.

• Typically occurs due to a fall on an outstretched hand
• Can lead to pain, swelling, and limited motion around the elbow

Overview of the Condition

Fractures of the radial head can range from small cracks to complex breaks. Stability of the elbow joint and forearm rotation may be affected, impacting daily activities.

Symptoms

• Pain on the lateral side of the elbow
• Swelling and stiffness
• Difficulty rotating the forearm (supination/pronation)

Causes

Most radial head fractures result from trauma, such as falling onto an outstretched hand or direct impact to the elbow.

Diagnosis

X-rays are the primary diagnostic tool. In some cases, a CT scan can reveal more complex fracture patterns or small fragments.

Treatment Options

• Immobilization with a sling or splint for minor fractures
• Early motion exercises if stable
• Surgery (e.g., fixation, replacement) for severe or displaced fractures

Conservative Management

Stable or minimally displaced fractures may heal with immobilization, followed by gentle range-of-motion exercises to prevent stiffness.

Rehabilitation Exercises

1. Gradual elbow flexion and extension exercises
2. Forearm rotation (supination/pronation) within pain limits
3. Gentle strengthening once the fracture is stable

When is Surgery Needed?

Surgery is considered if the fracture is displaced, involves multiple fragments, or if joint stability is compromised. Persistent mechanical locking also may require operative intervention.

Surgical Procedures

• Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with screws or plates
• Radial head resection in irreparable fractures
• Radial head arthroplasty (replacement) in select cases

Anatomy Overview

The radial head articulates with the capitellum of the humerus, allowing forearm rotation. It also contributes to elbow stability by articulating with the ulna at the proximal radioulnar joint.

Affected Areas

• Lateral (outer) elbow joint
• Radius bone near the elbow
• Proximal radioulnar joint

Frequently Asked Questions

QuestionAnswerHow long until I can regain full motion?Recovery timelines vary, but many patients see significant improvement within 6-12 weeks with proper therapy.Will I set off metal detectors if I have screws or plates?It's possible in some cases, but modern implants typically do not cause major issues. A medical card can clarify if needed.

Prevention Strategies

• Use protective gear during high-risk sports
• Maintain bone health through diet and exercise
• Take caution when walking on slippery surfaces to prevent falls

Related Conditions

• Olecranon fracture
• Distal humerus fracture
• Elbow dislocation

Additional Treatments

Occupational therapy may aid in restoring function for day-to-day activities, especially if elbow mobility was significantly reduced.