Ankle Fracture

What is an Ankle Fracture?

An ankle fracture involves a break in one or more of the bones that form the ankle joint (tibia, fibula, talus). Severity can range from minor cracks to complex breaks.

• Often caused by twisting injuries, falls, or direct trauma
• May involve ligaments and the surrounding soft tissues

Overview of the Condition

Stable fractures can sometimes be treated conservatively, while unstable or displaced fractures may require surgical intervention to restore alignment and joint function.

Symptoms

• Immediate pain and swelling
• Difficulty bearing weight
• Deformity or bruising around the ankle
• Possible audible snap or crack at the time of injury

Causes

High-impact activities, sports, falls from height, or motor vehicle accidents can place excessive force on the ankle, leading to fractures. Osteoporosis can increase fracture risk.

Diagnosis

X-rays determine fracture location and displacement. CT scans or MRI may be used to evaluate complex fractures or soft tissue injuries.

Treatment Options

• Immobilization with a cast or brace
• Reduction (realignment) if bones are displaced
• Surgical fixation with plates, screws, or rods
• Physical therapy to restore motion

Conservative Management

Stable fractures may be treated with a cast or walking boot. Regular follow-up X-rays ensure proper healing, and early weight bearing may be allowed if the fracture is stable.

Rehabilitation Exercises

1. Gentle range-of-motion exercises after initial immobilization
2. Gradual strengthening of calf and foot muscles
3. Balance and gait training under supervision

When is Surgery Needed?

Surgery is indicated for unstable, displaced, or open fractures to restore alignment, preserve joint function, and minimize long-term complications.

Surgical Procedures

• Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF)
• External fixation in severe or contaminated fractures
• Repair of associated ligament injuries if present

Anatomy Overview

The ankle joint involves the distal tibia, fibula, and the talus. The integrity of this ring-like structure is crucial for stability and weight-bearing capacity.

Affected Areas

• Lateral malleolus (distal fibula)
• Medial malleolus (distal tibia)
• Posterior malleolus, talus, and surrounding ligaments

Frequently Asked Questions

QuestionAnswerHow long does it take to heal?Most ankle fractures heal within 6-12 weeks, but full recovery can take several months.Will I be able to return to sports?Yes, with proper treatment and rehabilitation, most individuals resume normal sports or activities.

Prevention Strategies

• Use proper footwear and supportive braces during sports
• Maintain bone density through diet and exercise
• Avoid high-risk activities or practice safe techniques

Related Conditions

• Ankle sprain
• Pilón (tibial plafond) fracture
• Subtalar dislocation

Additional Treatments

Cold therapy and elevation can help reduce swelling. Pain management may involve medications or nerve blocks in severe cases.